Influence of environmental and demographic factors on the transmission and mortality rate of COVID19 in India

COVID-2019 has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization due to the global spread of 2019-nCOV at an exponential rate (WHO). Scientists have hypothesized the reduction in transmission rate at warm and humid environment whereas facilitate rapid transmission at cold and dry environment. Hence in this work, we examine the combined impact of environmental and demographic factors along with the implementation of lockdown by the Government of India on the transmission rate of 2019-nCoV. Our analyses indicated a lower mortality rate in spite of higher population density in India compared to other countries and lower exponential growth factor after lockdown compared to before lockdown. The containment of transmission and mortality rate may be attributed to the favorable environment and median population age, respectively. Even though, to significantly reduce the outbreak, individuals, the media, and healthcare organizations are necessary to work together. © 2023 Author(s).

Biomedical waste management during pandemics

For many years, proper biomedical waste (BMW) management in line with the rules was among the overlooked components of health care. Biomedical waste presents a series of environmental contamination. As a result, it must be treated using extreme caution and disposed of properly. There are a few gaps in the handling of biological generated waste, and the coronavirus epidemic has made it very hard. The virus's quick breakout resulted in a massive increase in the amount of biohazardous matter. The COVID-19 epidemic's devastation has altered global waste generation trends, needing special attention. Sudden variations in trash generation and volume need a dynamic response from authorities. This study highlights the problems that the collection and recycling business faces even after a pandemic, as well as the basic possibility to eliminate current framework faults. The study covers specific situations for handling medical waste, polymeric garbage, and recycling bins, which were all major causes of concerns all through this time period. We also go over successful stakeholder involvement and teamwork.The existence of illness sewage treatment in regular effluent created offers significant dangers and liabilities to hygiene workers. Small metal usage is predicted to recover as a result of rising hygiene concerns, particularly from items used for safety precautions and medication. The research further underlines the significance of creating localized, streamlined supply channels to deal with these kinds of situations in the case of unanticipated devastating catastrophes. Despite presenting unique solutions to existing recycling challenges, the paper also presents numerous crucial recommendations to regulators to enable them to cope with any potential outbreaks in a holistic way. © 2023 Author(s).